Seerat-un-Nabi (SAW)
In that era, a famous personality of Arabia was named Qusai bin Kilab. According to one narration, the title of Qusai bin Kilab was Quraish, due to which his progeny came to be called Quraishi, while according to another narration, six generations before Qusai bin Kilab, among the Bani Ismail there was an elder named "Fihr bin Malik" whose title was Quraish.
Qusai bin Kilab bin Murrah bin Ka'b was the leader of the Quraish in Makkah. He liberated Makkah from the domination of Khuza'ah and gave honor to the Quraish after humiliation. Digging wells, serving the pilgrims of Baitullah Al-Haram, and reconstructing the Kaaba are among his prominent services.
The custodianship of the Kaaba was such an honor that due to it, Qusai bin Kilab and his descendants gained a special honor and leadership not only in Makkah but in the entire Arabian Peninsula, and then this Quraish (the family of Qusai bin Kilab) proved themselves worthy of it.
Qusai bin Kilab not only arranged the entire management of the Kaaba, but went beyond that and gave Makkah the form of a proper state by establishing six different departments and distributing them among capable people, which after his death his grandsons, with mutual understanding, increased from six departments to ten departments and divided them among themselves, and this same system was run with great success until the advent of Prophethood (peace be upon him).
As a result of this division, your (SAW) great-grandfather Hazrat Hashim was entrusted with the services of Siqayah (providing water to the pilgrims), Imarat-ul-Bait (maintaining order in the Haram and taking care of the sanctity of the Haram) and Ifadah (leading the Hajj), which continued generation after generation in the family of Banu Hashim after him.
Hazrat Hashim bin Abd Manaf was the grandson of Qusai bin Kilab. He was a very dignified elder. He had also established diplomatic and trade relations with the King of Abyssinia (Habasha) and the Caesar of Rome, while also making treaties with various Arab tribes. Because of his method and achievements, Banu Hashim gained a special place of honor and respect among the other tribes of Quraish.
Apart from them, the department of leading the army in the battlefield and carrying the flag came to the share of the family of Banu Umayyah. The commander-in-chief of the Quraish army was from Banu Umayyah, therefore "Harb" who was the son of Umayyah, the nephew of Hazrat Hashim, and his son Hazrat Abu Sufyan, were entrusted with the leadership of the Quraish army for this very reason.
While the tribe of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA), Banu Tameem bin Murrah, was entrusted with Ashnaq, i.e., civil and criminal court, collection and determination of blood money and fines.
Apart from that, the department of diplomacy came to the share of the tribe of Hazrat Umar Farooq (RA), Banu Adi. Their job was negotiations, treaties, and diplomacy with other tribes.
Banu Makhzum, which was the tribe of Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (RA), got the department of "Qubbah and A'innah". Their job was to collect wealth and goods for national needs and to provide military equipment and horses. The commander of the cavalry of Quraish was also from this tribe. When his time came, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid (RA) commanded the cavalry forces very skillfully for a long time.
Similarly, the responsibility of the remaining five departments was handed over to various tribes of Quraish
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